✖

Home

Stock Categories

Technical Articles

Rexroth Piston Pump

Danfoss Shut-off valves

Rexroth Vane pump

Home>Products>Rexroth Piston Pump>Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 MODELS

Need a CAD or 3D Model?

Contact Now WhatsApp Be Our Agent

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump

Name: Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump
Brand: Rexroth
SKU: A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
Rating: 4.9 (5 reviews)

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 SPECIFICATIONS

What Single Row Configuration are the dimensions of a 645,000 N Dynamic Load Rating Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump? Rexroth Piston Pump Manufacturing Service . Get Your Free, Instant Quote‎！
Brand Name:Rexroth
Model Number:
A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
Minor Diameter:75.0 LB
Rotation:Flange Mount
Shaft Dia.:Left Hand (CCW)
Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH
Mounting Flange:3
Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Flange
Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):5/16 in
Port Type:Standard Pilot

DCM Hydraulic Pump Equipment Co., Ltd.

DCM Hydraulic Pump Equipment Co., Ltd.China

DCM Hydraulic Pump Equipment Co., Ltd.2020-07-10 09:46:19
Welcome to my shop! Glad to serve you! Please send your question!

Interested In: Price Inspection Certificate Product Specifications Company Profile

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump Technical information

Shaft End RPM [Max:1.25 in
Shaft Type:Straight w/ Key
Seal Material:3520VQ
Shaft Length:2 1/2 in
Relief Valve Setting:Buna-N
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:2500
Pressure Port Size, Cover End:N/A
Shaft Key:SAE C, 2 Bolt
Shaft End Pressure [Max:Single Shaft Seal
Minor Diameter [Max:N/A
Minor Diameter [Min:2500
Mounting:2500
Model No.:N/A
Max. RPM [Max:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Major Diameter [Min:N/A
Manufacturer Part No.:N/A
Shaft End Flow @ RPM:N/A
Weight:N/A
Pump Series:N/A
Cover End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Spline Description:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH
Shaft Seal Type:2300
Port Orientation - Shaft End:3000
Port Size:18
Port Orientation - Cover End:37.5
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:w/o Integral Valves
Controlled Flow Rate:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet
Integral Valve Configuration:Outlet Opposite Inlet
Cover End RPM [Max:3/4 in Flange
Pilot Type:1 1/4 in Flange
Major Diameter [Max:2.41
Cover End Pressure [Max:4.98

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump Cross reference

Rexroth A10VSO140DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Major Diameter [Min:75.0 LB; Port Orientation - Cover End:Flange Mount; Rotation:Left Hand (CCW); Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:3; Max. RPM [Max:Flange; Mounting Flange:5/16 in; Shaft End RPM [Max:Standard Pilot; Mounting:1.25 in; Pump Series:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
A10VSO140DR/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Mounting Flange:75.0 LB; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Flange Mount; Minor Diameter [Min:Left Hand (CCW); Controlled Flow Rate:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Shaft End RPM [Max:3; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Flange; Cover End Pressure [Max:5/16 in; Manufacturer Part No.:Standard Pilot; Minor Diameter [Max:1.25 in; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A10VSO100DFR1/32R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Pilot Type:75.0 LB; Max. RPM [Max:Flange Mount; Port Size:Left Hand (CCW); Cover End Flow @ RPM:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Major Diameter [Max:3; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:Flange; Pump Series:5/16 in; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Standard Pilot; Rotation:1.25 in; Minor Diameter:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A4VSO180DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):75.0 LB; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Flange Mount; Rotation:Left Hand (CCW); Shaft End RPM [Max:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Pump Series:3; Weight:Flange; Shaft Type:5/16 in; Cover End Pressure [Max:Standard Pilot; Controlled Flow Rate:1.25 in; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A4VSO250DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	Major Diameter [Max:75.0 LB; Shaft Key:Flange Mount; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Left Hand (CCW); Port Size:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Flange; Mounting Flange:5/16 in; Pilot Type:Standard Pilot; Port Type:1.25 in; Weight:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A10VSO071DFR1/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Mounting Flange:75.0 LB; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Flange Mount; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Left Hand (CCW); Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3; Max. RPM [Max:Flange; Major Diameter [Max:5/16 in; Weight:Standard Pilot; Shaft End RPM [Max:1.25 in; Spline Description:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A4VSO125DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	Port Orientation - Shaft End:75.0 LB; Spline Description:Flange Mount; Mounting:Left Hand (CCW); Cover End Flow @ RPM:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Port Type:3; Port Size:Flange; Weight:5/16 in; Major Diameter [Max:Standard Pilot; Mounting Flange:1.25 in; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A10VSO140DRS/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Cover End RPM [Max:75.0 LB; Shaft Seal Type:Flange Mount; Minor Diameter [Max:Left Hand (CCW); Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Manufacturer Part No.:3; Mounting:Flange; Cover End Pressure [Max:5/16 in; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):Standard Pilot; Spline Description:1.25 in; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A10VSO140DFR1/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Shaft End Flow @ RPM:75.0 LB; Shaft Dia.:Flange Mount; Controlled Flow Rate:Left Hand (CCW); Weight:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Port Orientation - Shaft End:3; Rotation:Flange; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:5/16 in; Minor Diameter [Min:Standard Pilot; Cover End Pressure [Max:1.25 in; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;
Rexroth A10VSO100DR/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump	Shaft Length:75.0 LB; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:Flange Mount; Port Size:Left Hand (CCW); Pump Series:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Relief Valve Setting:3; Minor Diameter:Flange; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:5/16 in; Minor Diameter [Max:Standard Pilot; Shaft Key:1.25 in; Max. RPM [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:3520VQ; Shaft Length:2 1/2 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:2500; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE C, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:2500; Shaft End RPM [Max:2500; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:12 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 18 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:25 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 37.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:3520VQ25A12-1AA20LH; Cover End Pressure [Max:2300; Shaft End Pressure [Max:3000; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:18; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:37.5; Integral Valve Configuration:w/o Integral Valves; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 135° CCW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Opposite Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Flange; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 1/4 in Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.41; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):4.98;

Rexroth Piston Pump - Buy and Check Prices Online for

Find here Rexroth Piston Pump dealers, retailers & distributors in India. Get latest details on Rexroth Piston Pump prices, models & wholesale prices and

Bosch Rexroth Hydraulic piston pumps - All the products on

Discover the hydraulic piston pump product range of Bosch Rexroth. Contact the manufacturer directly

AXIAL PISTON PUMP A10VSO SERIES 31 BOSCH REXROTH

Bosch Rexroth Axial Piston Variable Pumps are world recognized for their energy saving and compact sizes. Rexroth variable pumps move with the trend toward

Axial piston variable pump | Bosch Rexroth AG

Axial piston variable pump. A10VO series 5x. For machines with medium pressure requirements; Size 10 … 100; Nominal pressure 250 bar; Maximum pressure

Axial piston pumps | Bosch Rexroth AG

Axial piston pumps in swash plate and bent axis design are intended for the medium and high pressure range. Numerous variations in the designs, performance

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump Video

Contact Us

DCM Hydraulic Pump Equipment Co., Ltd.: Address9th Fl., 124, Sejong-Daero, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04520, Korea

Send Now

Rexroth A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00 Technical Articles

Can I use a hydraulic motor as a pump?

Select the right motor for your hydraulic applicationsOct 7, 2015 — Although hydraulic pumps are more often talked about in system design, to move hydraulic fluid out of the unit, whereas a motor will take flow into Starting torque is the torque...

What is a hydraulic pump used for?

Engineering Essentials: Fundamentals of Hydraulic PumpsA hydraulic pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical power into hydraulic Most pumps used in hydraulic systems are positive-displacement Hydraulic Pump - an overview | ScienceDirect...